In Transactional Analysis (TA), loyalty bonds (often referred to as Invisible Loyalties or Scripted Loyalties) are the powerful, often unconscious attachments we maintain to...

The concept of taking oneself as the love object is a perverted form of sexuality with its own psychic agency. If we consider the...

The narc has a high degree of self-reference in all their interactions with others, with a heartfelt need to be loved and idealised. There...

The narcissistic child has omnipotent, controlling and tyrannical fantasies of controlling his mother (object), which are part of normal development but need to be...

The infant of Mahler's differentiation subphase of separation-individuation, approx 4-9 months, is observably developed out of total bodily dependence, within a vaguely experienced...

There is a tremendous loss of reality in perversion, an infantile solution for the wounded narc, employing disregard for their feeling of smallness and...

Ego identity refers to a consistent sense of self and a shared set of essential character traits that others recognise. The concept of identity...

The ego ideal leads to primary narcissism, where the child is unable to give up the satisfaction and security once experienced. He is not...

Belief rests as a possibility, not a certainty, yet it produces an emotional state that goes with certainty, as one can't rid oneself of...

An essential aspect of narcissism is being seen as the centre of attention. Self-consciousness can become acute and anxious when a child loses the...